Buy NIJ body armor in the USA: Types and classification

A bulletproof vest is a key element of personal protection used to defend against ballistic threats, knife attacks, and punctures. The large number of firearms in civilian circulation in the USA has a significant impact on the bulletproof vest market. As a result, unlike Ukraine, armor characteristics such as fragmentation protection are not emphasized. If you plan to buy a bulletproof vest, it's important to understand the different types available in the USA, as well as their classification based on protection level, materials, and specific capabilities. The legality of purchasing and using bulletproof vests in the USA is also an important consideration. This guide will help you navigate all the nuances to make an informed choice.

Types of Bulletproof Vests by Material

1. Hard Armor
   Hard armor provides maximum protection against high-velocity bullets and is typically used by military or special police units. It is made from high-quality materials like ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene (UHMWPE), fiber-reinforced composites, and ceramics. These materials effectively stop bullets and dissipate impact energy due to their multi-layered construction. While this armor is heavier and less flexible than soft armor, it is chosen for situations requiring maximum protection.
   • UHMWPE: Lightweight plates made from this polymer provide excellent protection against rifle rounds and other bullets that tend to deform upon impact with the armor plate.
   • Ceramics: Ceramic layers absorb energy upon impact, breaking apart and reducing the risk of bullet penetration through the armor plate.
   • Composite Materials: The use of modern fiber-reinforced materials increases the durability and protection of the plates.

In the USA, metal armor plates are rarely used due to the risk of bullet ricochets. Some manufacturers use polyurethane and other flexible coatings to reduce this risk.

2. Soft Armor
   Soft armor is made from lightweight and flexible materials (soft ballistic packages), such as Kevlar or other aramid fibers, or ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene (Dyneema, Spectra, etc.). It is used when mobility and comfort are essential, and for concealed wear under clothing. Soft armor is known for effectively stopping low-velocity bullets, making it ideal for law enforcement officers and security personnel.
   • Aramid (Kevlar): Layers of tightly woven aramid fibers provide a high level of protection, dispersing impact energy across the surface.
   • UHMWPE (Dyneema): This fiber, marked as HPPE, is made from ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene.
   • Lightweight and Mobile: Soft armor is significantly lighter, allowing more freedom of movement and comfort during prolonged wear.

A significant drawback of soft ballistic packages is the backface deformation upon bullet impact. Consider this factor when choosing such vests — the less deformation, the better.

Types of Bulletproof Vests by NIJ Protection Level

The NIJ (National Institute of Justice) is a U.S. government agency that develops standards for various types of gear, including bulletproof vests. NIJ classifies vests by protection levels based on the threats they can defend against.

NIJ's main protection levels:

1. NIJ IIA: The minimum protection level, providing basic safety against low-velocity bullets.
2. NIJ II: Protection against medium-velocity bullets. Used by law enforcement, security personnel, and safety services.
3. NIJ IIIA: A more powerful level of protection capable of stopping heavier pistol rounds.
4. NIJ III: Stops high-velocity bullets fired from rifles. Used by military and specialized units.
5. NIJ IV: The highest level of protection, capable of stopping armor-piercing rifle bullets.

Types of Bulletproof Vests by Protection Type

1. Ballistic Protection: Designed to stop bullets and shot fired from firearms. Reduces the risk of bullet penetration and distributes impact energy across the surface, minimizing physical harm.
2. Knife Protection: Protects against attacks with sharp objects, such as knives. Commonly used by security guards and law enforcement in environments with a heightened risk of knife attacks.
3. Puncture Protection: Designed to defend against sharp object strikes, like needles or screwdrivers. Often used by prison guards and security personnel.
4. Multi-functional Armor: Combines several types of protection: ballistic, knife, and puncture protection, making it a versatile choice for many users.

Types of Bulletproof Vests by Visibility

1. Overt Armor: Overt armor is worn on the outside and is visible. It is used by law enforcement or military personnel to visibly demonstrate protection, which can act as a deterrent.
2. Covert Armor: Covert vests are worn under clothing to remain hidden. They are often used by civilians, security guards, and individuals seeking discreet protection.

Types of Bulletproof Vests by Application

1. Military Bulletproof Vests: Provide the highest level of protection for situations involving combat. They are generally heavier and more durable to withstand intense ballistic threats.
2. Law Enforcement Bulletproof Vests: Designed to balance protection and mobility. They must be lightweight, comfortable for long-term wear, and still offer reliable protection.
3. Security Bulletproof Vests: Security personnel often use versatile vests that combine ballistic protection with resistance against knife attacks and punctures.

How to Buy a Bulletproof Vest in the USA

Buying and using bulletproof vests in the USA is legal, but laws may vary by state. Key points to consider:

1. General Legality: In most states, anyone can buy a bulletproof vest online or in stores without background checks or needing a permit. Bulletproof vests are sold freely.
2. Restrictions for Convicted Felons: In most states, individuals convicted of serious crimes are prohibited from owning bulletproof vests. If such a person buys or wears a vest, it may lead to additional penalties.
3. State-Specific Restrictions: For example, in Connecticut, residents can only purchase vests in person (not online) and cannot receive them by mail.
4. Wearing a Vest While Committing a Crime: In some states, wearing a bulletproof vest while committing a crime can lead to more serious charges or increased penalties.

Before buying or using a bulletproof vest in the USA, it is important to check local laws and regulations, which may vary by state.

The choice of a bulletproof vest depends on your individual needs: whether you need lightweight and concealed protection for daily wear or are seeking the highest level of protection for military operations. It’s essential to consider the level of threats you may face, as well as your comfort and mobility.

Understanding the differences between types of bulletproof vests will help you choose the right protective gear for your conditions and needs. Whether you're looking for a vest for personal protection, work, or combat — making the right choice will ensure your safety in any situation.

Posted by Sergii_Velmet